住建部公布最新《住房和城鄉建設行政處罰程序規定》5月1日施行
近日，住(zhu)建部(bu)(bu)公布《住(zhu)房和(he)城鄉(xiang)建設行政(zheng)(zheng)處罰程(cheng)序規(gui)定》，自5月1日起施行。時隔23年(nian)，住(zhu)房和(he)城鄉(xiang)建設部(bu)(bu)再次出臺行政(zheng)(zheng)處罰程(cheng)序規(gui)定意義重大(da)。
一、首(shou)次明(ming)確了執(zhi)法實踐中“初查”的(de)地位
執(zhi)法實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，執(zhi)法機關會(hui)經常(chang)遇到對依據(ju)(ju)監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)職權(quan)或(huo)(huo)者通過投訴、舉報等途(tu)徑發現的(de)違法行為線索而啟動案(an)件辦理(li)的(de)情況(kuang)。在立(li)案(an)之前(qian)，需要(yao)執(zhi)法人員核實(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)線索，甚至主要(yao)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)都是在初(chu)(chu)查(cha)階(jie)段(duan)獲得，但因為尚(shang)未立(li)案(an)，初(chu)(chu)查(cha)的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)是否(fou)合法有效(xiao)，實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)存在較(jiao)大爭議。《程序規定》第十五條明(ming)確規定：“立(li)案(an)前(qian)核查(cha)或(huo)(huo)者監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)過程中(zhong)(zhong)依法取(qu)得的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)材料，可(ke)以作為案(an)件的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)使(shi)用”。同時，明(ming)確了初(chu)(chu)查(cha)的(de)期限及立(li)案(an)的(de)標準。
二、首次明(ming)確了(le)行政處罰(fa)案卷的管理(li)標準
《程序(xu)(xu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)》實施之(zhi)前(qian)，住(zhu)建(jian)（城市(shi)管(guan)理）系統(tong)行(xing)政處罰案(an)(an)卷材(cai)料歸(gui)檔沒(mei)有(you)統(tong)一(yi)標準(zhun)，各(ge)地做法各(ge)差。筆者(zhe)認為規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)案(an)(an)卷管(guan)理標準(zhun)最為全面的是市(shi)場監管(guan)部門的程序(xu)(xu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，實踐中各(ge)地也多有(you)參(can)照。此次《程序(xu)(xu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)》專章(zhang)對案(an)(an)卷管(guan)理進(jin)行(xing)詳(xiang)細規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，要求(qiu)結案(an)(an)后，執法人員將(jiang)案(an)(an)件材(cai)料依照檔案(an)(an)管(guan)理的有(you)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)立卷歸(gui)檔。實行(xing)一(yi)案(an)(an)一(yi)卷、材(cai)料齊(qi)全、規(gui)(gui)范有(you)序(xu)(xu)，并羅列了八(ba)大(da)類案(an)(an)卷材(cai)料的排列順序(xu)(xu)。此規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)將(jiang)會(hui)促進(jin)住(zhu)建(jian)（城市(shi)管(guan)理）系統(tong)案(an)(an)卷管(guan)理和(he)案(an)(an)卷評(ping)查水平進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)提高。
三(san)、進一步延長了行政處罰辦(ban)案(an)期(qi)限
得益(yi)于(yu)《行政(zheng)(zheng)處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)法》第六十(shi)(shi)條的轉至(zhi)適用規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，《行政(zheng)(zheng)處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)程序規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)》確定(ding)(ding)了行政(zheng)(zheng)處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)案(an)件的最(zui)長(chang)(chang)期限(xian)為180日！即執法機關應當自立案(an)之日起最(zui)長(chang)(chang)不超(chao)過180日作出行政(zheng)(zheng)處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)決定(ding)(ding)。具體(ti)(ti)情(qing)形包括：行政(zheng)(zheng)處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)法規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的90日，因(yin)案(an)情(qing)復雜或(huo)者其(qi)他(ta)原(yuan)因(yin)，不能(neng)在規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)期限(xian)內作出行政(zheng)(zheng)處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)決定(ding)(ding)的，經(jing)機關負責(ze)人(ren)批準(zhun)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)的三十(shi)(shi)日。案(an)情(qing)特別復雜或(huo)者有(you)其(qi)他(ta)特殊情(qing)況，機關負責(ze)人(ren)集體(ti)(ti)討論決定(ding)(ding)再次延(yan)長(chang)(chang)的六十(shi)(shi)日。此規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)為行政(zheng)(zheng)執法機關辦理(li)疑難案(an)件、歷史(shi)遺留問題案(an)件爭取了主動權。
四(si)、進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)明確(que)了執法文書送(song)達方式(shi)
《行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)處罰法》規定(ding)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式參照適用(yong)民(min)事訴訟法，但(dan)在司法實(shi)踐中，審(shen)判(pan)機關(guan)對行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)執法機關(guan)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)程序的(de)裁判(pan)標準不(bu)(bu)一(yi)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)執法機關(guan)稍不(bu)(bu)留意(yi)就會踩到程序瑕疵的(de)“坑”。這(zhe)次程序規定(ding)對直接(jie)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)（留置送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)）方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式進行(xing)(xing)(xing)了變(bian)通，對委(wei)托送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)、郵寄送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)、公告(gao)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)的(de)適用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)也進行(xing)(xing)(xing)了明確，具有(you)(you)很強的(de)指導意(yi)義。留置送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)變(bian)通方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，明確規定(ding)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)執法人員“也可(ke)以將行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)處罰意(yi)見告(gao)知文(wen)書(shu)(shu)或(huo)者(zhe)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)處罰決定(ding)書(shu)(shu)留在受(shou)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)人的(de)住所，并采取(qu)拍照、錄(lu)像等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式記(ji)錄(lu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)過程，即視為送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)”。送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式適用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，規定(ding)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)處罰意(yi)見告(gao)知文(wen)書(shu)(shu)或(huo)者(zhe)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)處罰決定(ding)書(shu)(shu)直接(jie)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)有(you)(you)困難的(de)，可(ke)以進行(xing)(xing)(xing)委(wei)托送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)和郵寄送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)。公告(gao)送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)作(zuo)為兜底送(song)(song)(song)(song)達(da)(da)(da)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式得以確認。（建筑(zhu)時報(bao)）
